ROUND I.
Listening Comprehension Text for 11th form
Good afternoon and welcome to
another edition of “You and Your Body.”
The topic of today’s program is vitamins, one of the basic components of
the human body, and one that still mystifies many people…at least that’s what
the letters from listeners show. Today
we will try to answer as many of your questions as possible.
So,
what are vitamins? Well, vitamins are
one of the five elements essential for a healthy body. The others are proteins, which we get from
meat; carbohydrates, which we get from pasta and bread; fats and minerals. Actually, the name vitamin comes from Latin
“vita” which means “life.”
Now,
before we go on, let me clarify something.
Some people may believe that vitamins and minerals are similar because
they’re combined in the various food supplements on the market. But they’re not. Vitamins are organic compounds, whereas
minerals are inorganic substances. For
example, calcium is a mineral, not a vitamin.
Actually,
even vitamins differ from one another in their chemical composition and the way
they act. Nevertheless, we can see two
main vitamin groups: fat-soluble and
water-soluble, that is, vitamins that can dissolve either into fat or into
water. Let’s have a closer look at those
two groups.
Fat-soluble
are vitamins A, D, E and K. Their common
characteristic is that the body can store them in fat, in the liver and in the
kidneys. So we don’t need to take them
on a daily basis. Water-soluble are vitamin
C and the vitamin B complex. The body
cannot store them, so we must make sure that they are contained in our daily
diet.
Why
are vitamins so important? The main
reason is that vitamins help the metabolism of three of the important elements
we mentioned before: proteins,
carbohydrates, and fats. In other words,
without vitamins the body cannot process these essential substances. Vitamins also help the body create blood
cells, hormones, chemicals in the nervous system and genetic material. Unfortunately, we still don’t know much about
the complex ways in which vitamins operate in the body. Actually, we are not even sure about the
precise effect of certain vitamins, for example, vitamin E.
You
may be asking, “How do we get these vital elements?” Well, the main sources of vitamins are just
around the corner at your local supermarket.
We can see two categories: plant
products such as fresh fruit and vegetables; vegetable oil and margarine;
bread, pasta and cereals; and animal products; meat, poultry and fish; liver,
heart and kidneys; and dairy products, that is fresh milk, butter and
cheese. Now, there is one vitamin which
you get for free, so to speak. Most of
vitamin D is produced in the body when the skin is exposed to sunlight. And here is an important piece of information
for vegetarians who don’t eat any animal products. Because vitamin B12 is found only in animal
products, vegans should take vitamin B12 supplements. Vitamin supplements may also be needed by
pregnant women and people on special diets.
I
would like to end this program with a word of caution. Vitamins are essential for our health and we
do need to ensure that we take the necessary amounts, but we can have too much
of a good thing. Yes, it may sound
strange to some of you, but taking more than the amount we need will result in
a number of health problems. This
happens particularly with fat-soluble vitamins.
For example, large amounts of vitamin A can cause anything from
headaches and skin rashes to growth problems in children. Even large doses of
vitamin C, which is not stored in the body, can destroy vitamin B12 and reduce
calcium in bones. So be careful when
taking food supplements. Good day and
good health.
ROUND I Listening
Comprehension Test For 11th form Students
Directions:
In this Test you will
carefully listen to a text read aloud twice. The text is followed by 20 tasks.
You should do tasks 1 through 10 following the first reading of the text on the
basis of what is stated or implied in
the text. The text will be read a second time and you should do tasks 11
through 20 following the second reading of the text on the basis of what is stated or implied in the text. For each
task you will choose from four possible answers (A, B, C, or D), or two symbols
(+ or -) as specified prior to each task. Choose the best answer and mark the
letter or symbol of your choice on the Answer Sheet.
Questions 1 through 10 (on your answer
sheet circle + if the statement is true, - if it is false).
1
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The name of the program is “You and Your Vitamins.”
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2
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The word “vitamin” is derived from Latin.
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3
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Vitamins and minerals are similar.
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4
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Vitamins are divided into two categories.
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5
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Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and kidney.
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6
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Two water-soluble vitamins are A and C.
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7
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The primary function of vitamins is to metabolize proteins,
carbohydrates and fats.
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8
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The effects of some vitamins are not known.
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9
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Vitamin B12 is found only in plant products such as vegetables.
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10
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It is detrimental to one’s health to take too much of some vitamins.
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STOP. WAIT FOR THE SECOND READING
Questions 11 through
20 (on your answer sheet choose the correct letter A, B, C, or D)
1.
Information about vitamins:
a.
is
entirely clear
b.
brings
up a lot of questions
c.
is
of little interest to the listeners of the program
d.
is
very mystical to some people
2.
In addition to vitamins, good health
depends on:
a.
five
other elements
b.
three
other elements
c.
a
sufficient supply of minerals
d.
four
other elements
3.
The word “vitamin” comes from a word
for:
a.
food
b.
life
c.
health
d.
energy
4.
Vitamins are:
a.
organic
compounds
b.
the
same as carbohydrates
c.
the
same as proteins
d.
inorganic
compounds
5.
Vitamins are different from one
another:
a.
in
their chemical composition
b.
in
the way they dissolve
c.
in
the way they act
d.
all
of the above
6.
Fat-soluble vitamins:
a.
need
to be taken every day
b.
do
not need to be taken every day
c.
add
significantly to body weight
d.
give
the body extra energy
7.
Most vitamins can be gotten from:
a.
minerals
b.
rain
water
c.
chemicals
d.
food
8.
Vitamin D is produced:
a.
while
you sleep
b.
when
the body is exposed to sunlight
c.
by
vitamins A and E
d.
in
a laboratory
9.
Vitamin B12 is found:
a.
only
in plant products
b.
only
in pregnant women
c.
only
in animal products
d.
only
in carbohydrates
10. One of the dangers in taking fat-soluble vitamins is that:
a.
they
can add to body weight
b.
they
can cause an upset stomach
c.
they
can cause health problems if taken in excess
d.
none
of the above
ROUND II.
Reading Comprehension Test for 11th form Students
Directions:
In this Test you will read four texts. Each text is followed by 5-10 tasks. You should do the tasks following the text on
the basis of what is stated or implied in that text. For each task you will
choose the best possible answer from four possible answers (A, B, C, or D) or
two symbols (+ or -) as specified prior to each task. Choose the best answer
and write down the letter or symbol of your choice on the answer sheet.
Questions 1 through 5 refer to Text 1.
Text 1
Nkosi
Johnson was an AIDS victim activist, who became a martyr and iconic figure in South Africa
Questions
(on your answer sheet choose the correct letter A, B, C or D)
1. Nkosi became an activist:
a)
because he had AIDS;
b)
because his mother had AIDS;
c) because he was not allowed to go
to school;
d) because he did not agree with the
president.
2. When Nkosi was refused admission to
school he:
a) stayed at home and did
nothing; b) studied with a private
tutor;
c) publicly rebuked the
president; d) told his story to the
local media.
3. What is Nkosi's Haven?
a) an animal shelter; b) a home for AIDS victims;
c) a school; d) a community center.
4. Nkosi rebuked President Mbeki
because:
a) he disagreed with him;
b) the president had helped him;
c) he liked the president's stance on
the disease;
d) the president said that people with AIDS are bad.
5. Where is Nkosi now?
a) in Johannesburg
c) in
school; d) dead.
Questions 6
through 15 refer to Text 2.
Text 2
Ask anyone where they plan to celebrate at
least part of the annual Kyiv Days Festival on the last weekend of May, and
their answer will be — Andriyivsky Uzviz
(Andrew's Descent) of course! Over the centuries, this twisting 850-meter
street has wound its way up between the lush hills of the capital into the
cultural and spiritual heart of Kyiv. Its collection of several dozen
picturesque buildings is soaked in history that stretches back a thousand
years. Intellectuals, craftsmen and artists have gravitated towards Andrew's
Descent for generations.
Like many historic places, the origin of
Andrew's Descent is part myth and legend. Today's Descent was first mentioned
in the 11th century. Then it was the main
road between several towns. However, Saint Andrew blessed the surrounding hills
and foretold the future glory of Kyiv while visiting during the first half of the 1st
century. The place where Saint Andrew put a cross in memory of his vision is
now the location of the magnificent Baroque style Saint Andrew's Church.
Questions
(on your answer sheet circle + if the statement is true, - if it is false)
6
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Andrew's Descent is a flat
850-meter long street.
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7
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Many people come to Andrew's
Descent to celebrate May 1.
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8
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Andrew's Descent has many beautiful
historical buildings.
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9
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Intellectuals,
craftsmen and artists have lived on Andrew's Descent for many generations.
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10
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The history of Andrew's Descent is
known exactly.
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11
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Andrew's Descent used to connect
several towns.
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12
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Saint Andrew blessed the church
and told of the glory of
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13
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Andrew's Descent was first written
about in the 11th century.
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14
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Saint Andrew's Church was built in
a classical style.
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15
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The Kyiv Days Festival happens
every year.
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Questions 16
through 20 refer to Text 3.
Text 3
On a giant stage in London , England
Questions
(on your answer sheet circle + if the statement is true, - if it is false)
16
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Many parts of the film are being
made outdoors in
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17
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Harry Potter is not very popular
among children.
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18
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The scene discussed in this text
takes place on a chessboard.
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19
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Daniel Radcliff is being played by Harry Potter.
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20
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The film is based on the book
"Harry Potter and the Sourcerer's Stone".
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Questions 21
through 30 refer to Text 4.
Text 4
A Latvian judge declined to punish a teenage
girl who slapped Prince Charles with a flower in November, ordering her instead
to go home with her parents and stay out of trouble. Alina Lebedeva, 16, struck the heir to the British throne in
the face with a red carnation as he toured Riga Afghanistan
Questions
(on your answer sheet circle + if the statement is true, - if it is false)
21
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Alina Lebedeva is a teenager who
caused a disturbance.
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22
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Prince Charles is heir to the
Swedish throne.
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23
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Because of her daughter’s actions,
Lebedeva’s mother will be imprisoned.
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24
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Alina Lebedeva lives in
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25
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The girl was unhappy with the war
in
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26
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Prince Charles was presented with
a bouquet of red carnations by Lebedeva.
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27
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Lebedeva was sentenced to a
15-year prison term.
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28
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The judge showed compassion towards the girl’s inappropriate actions.
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29
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Prince Charles’ office states that he will never
again visit Latvia.
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30
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The girl faced two possible punishments.
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ROUND II Writing Comprehension Test For 11th form
Students
Directions:
In this Test you will select from the three tasks
written on the board one which you feel you are most capable to write about.
You will then begin writing your essay on the pages provided. When you are
finished close your papers, lay down your pen and wait for us to collect your
test materials.
- Write a formal letter of
complaint about the poor condition of the roads in your area.
- Computers are becoming more and
more important in today’s world. How do you feel people are using
computers? Do you feel that they use them enough, or too much? Are there
any negative effects to becoming more and more dependent on computers?
- Someone from another culture
has come to live with you and your family for one year.
a)
What
is the best way to help your visitor adapt to your family and your culture?
b)
Would
you teach this person about your family and your culture, or would you let the
visitor find out for himself or herself?
c)
If
the visitor behaves inappropriately in your home or in public, what would you
say or do?
ROUND
III Speaking Comprehension Test for 11th
Form Students
Directions:
In this Test you
will choose from 20 topics to speak about. Each number corresponds to one
topic. The number of your choice is the theme of your oral presentation. Take
about a minute to collect your thoughts before you begin to speak on the
topic.
1. You will soon be
finishing your studies at school and will either continue your education at a
higher institution or you will begin working towards a career. What’s your
dream profession? What qualifications must you have to get this job? What would
you do? Describe your average day.
2. With all the
poverty and illiteracy in the world, many organizations that want to help are
faced with a very important question: is it more important to educate people or
feed them? What is easier to give: food or education? How long can food without
education help a person? Or vice versa? What can one do
with only food or with only education?
3. Comment on the
quote of a philosopher, ‘He who knows does not talk. He who talks does not know’.
What does this mean to you?
4. An old
proverb says that you are often your own best friend and your own worst enemy.
What do you think about this statement? Is this egoism, self-hatred or neither?
Give some examples of when you might be your own best friend or worst enemy?
5. You are a travel
agent and you are recommending trips to foreign destinations to two friends
going on vacation for two weeks. Give them three possibilities to choose from.
Explain the highlights of each destination. Where will they be living in these
countries? How will they get there?
6. It is
much-debated topic whether or not it is morally acceptable for scientists to do
genetic experiments on animals. What do you think? What about other types of
medical research? Can you think of any alternatives to doing experiments on
animals?
7. Many people say
money is the most important thing in life. Do you agree? Are there things money
can not buy? Does having a lot of money necessarily make a person happy?
8. How do you feel
people from other countries view Ukrainians when they visit? Do you think it is
similar or different from how you view visitors? Why do you think so?
9. What do you
believe to be the greatest problem in today's society? Describe where you see it. Explain why you consider it to be so bad. How
does it affect society as a whole and the individuals making up that society? How would you propose to do away with this
problem?
10. What social issue
do you think is most important for young people to learn about today? Where
should young people learn about this issue – at school, home or someplace else?
How should young people use this information?
11. Everyone has his
or her own set of priorities or a list of things that he or she considers more
important than other things. What is most important to you in your life? What
made you decide upon your list of priorities? Do you think priorities change
over time? Why?
12. Say what you think
are the three most important qualities of an ideal parent. Why? Do you think
the way you are being raised will affect the way you raise your children in the
future?
13. How would you rate
the way your parents brought you up? When you are a parent, do you think you
will do anything differently? What and why?
14. What exams do you
have to take in school? Do you feel that these exams are helpful or harmful?
Why? Are there other forms of testing that you think are helpful? List them and
explain why.
15. There is a saying
in English: „You learn something new every day”. What did you learn yesterday?
What were you doing yesterday? Will you remember what you learned? Why?
16. Sports are played
and televised all over the world. People pay huge sums of money to attend
events or see their favourite teams or games. Sports obviously have a universal
appeal. Talk about one sport describing: how it is played, what are its most
important rules, and what equipment is necessary for playing it.
17. A teenager’s life
can often be more difficult than their parents suspect. What real problems do
teenagers face today? What can you say about generation gaps between you and
your parents? Do you feel that teenagers need to show more respect to older
generations?
18. How fashion
conscious are you? Do you give time and thought to what you wear each day? How
much does this affect your daily routine? How would it be different if you
didn't care about fashion? Why?
19. Technological
inventions don’t make our lives better. They simply create more products we are
expected to buy. Do you agree or disagree with the statement. Give arguments to
support your view.
20. What kind of
pictures do you have decorating your house or room? What do you think they say
about you when others see them? Why?
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