Technology (8)

If it can be imagined, it ___________________________________________________ (complete)

Words that relate to technology	Examples	pros	cons	Future inventions

Complete two parts of phrases:

1.     energy	a)     way of living
2.     Science-fiction	b)    impact
3.     thirst	c)     guzzling devices
4.     Ultra-modern	d)    forward
5.     speak	e)     the Internet
6.     via	f)      for information
7.     Environmental	g)     face-to-face
8.     leap	h)    movies

Write down synonyms and definitions: impact, leap, occur, transform, quench, guzzle, invention, ingenuity, endless, mere (adj)

1)    Change, alter =

2)    Skill or cleverness that allows someone to solve problems, invent things =

3)    Small, unimportant, being nothing more than =

4)    Put out, extinguish =

5)    Influence =

6)    Extremely numerous =

7)    Happen =

8)    Consume=

9)    To move quickly, to jump =

10)                      Discovery, finding =

First impression (Lyceum)

First impressions are crucial! Only shallow people don`t judge by appearances. The true mystery of the world is the visible, not the invisible. (Oscar Wilde) How do you make your first judgments of people before they speak? Do you agree that people form 90% of their opinion of someone in the first 30 seconds? Appearances are deceptive. It is a common truth; practically everyone has met at least someone whose character and appearance differ radically. When one sees a tall, broad-shouldered youth, one expects him to be strong-willed and brave. One thinks: 'A model to follow!' How often a good-looking individual turns out to be petty, weak-willed or even cowardly. Then one thinks: 'A mediocrity!' At the same time everyone knows that a lot of great people were of a poor build: short and fragile. It did not stop them from displaying intelligence and courage. Ingenuity does not depend on one's complexion or constitution. Plump or fat people create an impression of generous and kind personalities. Strangely enough, not rarely they may be thrifty or even greedy. One usually thinks: 'A scrooge!' On the other hand, thin or slim nervous ladies often tend to be lavish. They like to buy and never think twice when they pay. One thinks: 'I would call her open-handed and Mother would call her a spendthrift. Yes, mothers are always stricter in judgments. Has it ever happened to you that you come to an important office and see an important boss? You immediately evaluate his looks: 'Round-faced, small narrow eyes, dimples on the cheeks and an upturned nose. What a kind-hearted person! A simpleton!' You tell the boss of your troubles and expect immediate help. But the boss appears to be rude, harsh and willful. You never get your help and think: 'A stone heart and an iron fist. When someone sees a delicately built pretty blonde with curly hair, blue eyes, a straight nose and a high forehead, one is inclined to think that the beauty is intelligent and nice. It may be disappointing to think later 'What a stupid, capricious, impolite bore!' On the contrary, when one sees a skinny brunette with ugly irregular features — a hooked nose, pointed chin, close-set eyes and thin lips, strange thoughts come to one's head; because it is the image of evil people — cruel and cunning . It may be a relief some time later to find her a clever, gentle and good-mannered lady and think: 'What charm! A heart of gold!' Another general misconception lies in the fact that children are always expected to resemble their parents. And parents like it when children take after them. Relatives like to compare moles, the shape of noses, etc. The greatest compliment is: 'They are as like as two peas'. The greatest disappointment is to find nothing in common. We want to deny people their exclusiveness, we don't want to admit that nature has selected other options from an enormous genetic fund developed over generations. Why do we like our copies? Who knows! Nature likes to play tricks on us. But don't you think it is a present on the part of nature? Life becomes not a boring routine, but a brilliant kaleidoscope of characters and appearances which often clash. Джерело: http://lingualeo.com/ru/jungle/character-and-appearance-46546#/page/1

50 interesting facts about Christmas in the U.S.

1. Norwegian scientists have hypothesized that Rudolph’s red nose is probably the result of a parasitic infection of his respiratory system.
2. The Germans made the first artificial Christmas trees out of dyed goose feathers.
3. Each year more than 3 billion Christmas cards are sent in the U.S. alone.
4. All the gifts in the Twelve Days of Christmas would equal 364 gifts.
5. The “true love” mentioned in the song “Twelve Days of Christmas” does not refer to a romantic couple, but the Catholic Church’s code for God. The person who receives the gifts represents someone who has accepted that code. For example, the “partridge in a pear tree” represents Christ. The “two turtledoves” represent the Old and New Testaments.
6. Most of Santa’s reindeer have male-sounding names, such as Blitzen, Comet, and Cupid. However, male reindeers shed their antlers around Christmas, so the reindeer pulling Santa’s sleigh are likely not male, but female or castrati.
7. In A.D. 350, Pope Julius I, bishop of Rome, proclaimed December 25 the official celebration date for the birthday of Christ.
8. According to the Guinness world records, the tallest Christmas tree ever cut was a 221-foot Douglas fir that was displayed in 1950 at the Northgate Shopping Center in Seattle, Washington.
9. The traditional three colors of Christmas are green, red, and gold. Green has long been a symbol of life and rebirth; red symbolizes the blood of Christ, and gold represents light as well as wealth and royalty.
10. Two weeks before Christmas is a popular time for couples to break up
11. According to data analyzed from Facebook posts, two weeks before Christmas is one of the two most popular times for couples to break up. However, Christmas Day is the least favorite day for breakups.
12. Contrary to popular belief, suicide rates during the Christmas holiday are low. The highest rates are during the spring.
13. The world’s largest Christmas stocking measured 106 feet and 9 inches (32.56 m) long and 49 feet and 1 inch (14.97 m) wide. It weighed as much as five reindeer and held almost 1,000 presents. It was made by the Children’s Society in London on December 14, 2007.
14. Christmas trees have been sold in the U.S. since 1850.
15. Christmas trees usually grow for about 15 years before they are sold.
16. Many European countries believed that spirits, both good and evil, were active during the Twelve Days of Christmas. These spirits eventually evolved into Santa’s elves, especially under the influence of Clement C. Moore’s The Night Before Christmas(1779-1863) illustrated by Thomas Nast (1840-1902).
17. Each year there are approximately 20,000 “rent-a-Santas” across the United States. “Rent-a-Santas” usually undergo seasonal training on how to maintain a jolly attitude under pressure from the public. They also receive practical advice, such as not accepting money from parents while children are looking and avoiding garlic, onions, or beans for lunch.
18. Bolivians celebrate Misa del Gallo or “Mass of the Rooster” on Christmas Eve. Some people bring roosters to the midnight mass, a gesture that symbolizes the belief that a rooster was the first animal to announce the birth of Jesus.
19. The British wear paper crowns while they eat Christmas dinner. The crowns are stored in a tube called a “Christmas cracker.”
20. In Poland, spiders or spider webs are common Christmas trees decorations because according to legend, a spider wove a blanket for Baby Jesus. In fact, Polish people consider spiders to be symbols of goodness and prosperity at Christmas.
21. Alabama was the first state in the United States to officially recognize Christmas in 1836.
22. Christmas wasn’t declared an official holiday in the United States until June 26, 1870.
23. Oklahoma was the last U.S. state to declare Christmas a legal holiday, in 1907.
24. Mistletoe (Viscum album) is from the Anglo-Saxon word misteltan, which means “little dung twig” because the plant spreads though bird droppings.
25. Ancient peoples, such as the Druids, considered mistletoe sacred because it remains green and bears fruit during the winter when all other plants appear to die. Druids would cut the plant with golden sickles and never let it touch the ground. They thought it had the power to cure infertility and nervous diseases and to ward off evil.
26. Evergreens (from the Old English word aefie meaning “always” and gowan meaning “to grow”) have been symbols of eternal life and rebirth since ancient times. The pagan use and worship of evergreen boughs and trees has evolved into the Christianized Christmas tree.
27. Because they viewed Christmas as a decadent Catholic holiday, the Puritans in America banned all Christmas celebrations from 1659-1681 with a penalty of five shillings for each offense. Some Puritan leaders condemned those who favored Christmas as enemies of the Christian religion.
28. A Yule log is an enormous log that is typically burned during the Twelve Days of Christmas (December 25-January). Some scholars suggest that the word yulemeans “revolution” or “wheel,” which symbolizes the cyclical return of the sun. A burning log or its charred remains is said to offer health, fertility, and luck as well as the ability to ward off evil spirits.
29. Because of their pagan associations, both the holly (associated with the masculine principle) and the ivy (the feminine) and other green boughs in home decoration were banned by the sixth-century Christian Council of Braga.
30. The poinsettia is native to Mexico and was cultivated by the Aztecs, who called the plant Cuetlaxochitl (“flower which wilts”). For the Aztecs, the plant’s brilliant red color symbolized purity, and they often used it medicinally to reduce fever. Contrary to popular belief, the poinsettia is not poisonous, but holly berries are.
31. Christmas has its roots in pagan festivals such as Saturnalia (December 17-December 23), the Kalends (January 1 -5, the precursor to the Twelve Days of Christmas), and Deus Sol Invictus or Birthday of the Unconquerable Sun (December 25). The Christian church heartily disapproved of such celebrations and co-opted the pagans by declaring December 25 as Christ’s day of birth, though there is no evidence Christ was born on that day.
32. Santa Claus is based on a real person, St. Nikolas of Myra (also known as Nikolaos the Wonderworker, Bishop Saint Nicholas of Smyrna, and Nikolaos of Bari), who lived during the fourth century. Born in Patara (in modern-day Turkey), he is the world’s most popular non-Biblical saint, and artists have portrayed him more often than any other saint except Mary. He is the patron saint of banking, pawnbroking, pirating, butchery, sailing, thievery, orphans, royalty, and New York City.
33. Early illustrations of St. Nicholas depict him as stern, commanding, and holding a birch rod. He was more a symbol of discipline and punishment than the jolly, overweight elf children know today.
34. Puritan Oliver Cromwell outlawed Christmas celebrations and carols in England from 1649-1660. The only celebrations allowed were sermons and prayers.c
35. Wassail is from the Old Norse ves heill, meaning “good health.”c
36. Christmas stockings allegedly evolved from three sisters who were too poor to afford a marriage dowry and were, therefore, doomed to a life of prostitution. They were saved, however, when the wealthy Bishop Saint Nicholas of Smyrna (the precursor to Santa Claus) crept down their chimney and generously filled their stockings with gold coins.c
37. There are two competing claims as to which president was the first to place a Christmas tree in the White House. Some scholars say President Franklin Pierce did in 1856; others say President Benjamin Harrison brought in the first tree in 1889. President Coolidge started the White House lighting ceremony in 1923.f
38. President Teddy Roosevelt, an environmentalist, banned Christmas trees from the White House in 1901.

Джерело: http://facts.randomhistory.com/christmas-facts.html

Lesson 3 Culture

Cultural heritage of Ukraine

 Culture is something that evolves out of the simple

enduring elements of everyday life

elements most truthfully expressed  in

 the folk arts and crafts of a nation

Ukraine has rich cultural heritage. Ukrainian art, culture and customs of ethnic Ukrainians contain a blend of Eastern European and Western European elements. The modern Ukrainian culture is richly embedded in ancient folk traditions and it has its unique features.

      What are the main Ukrainian folk features?             

3. The perceptions, lifestyle, customs and beliefs of the country are also reflected in Ukrainian proverbs. By examining a variety of Ukrainian proverbs you can gain great insight into the culture of the country's people.

Find Ukrainian proverbs, equal to English ones:

1.     A blessing in disguise.	a)     Слово - не горобець, вилетить - не спіймаєш.
2.     As you sow, so you reap.	b)    Із вогню та в полум'я.
3.     A word spoken is past recalling.	c)     Не рий іншому яму - сам в неї впадеш.
4.     Birds of feather flock together.	d)    Сім п'ятниць на тиждень.
5.     Curses like chickens come home to roost.	e)     Не було б щастя, так нещастя допомогло.
6.     Danger foreseen is half avoided.	f)      Рибак рибака бачить здалеку.
7.     From smoke into smother.	g)     Якби знав, де впадеш, соломинки б підстелив.
8.     Rain at seven, fine at eleven.	h)    Що посієш, те й пожнеш.

Key: 1.-e, 2-h, 3-a, 4-f, 5-c, 6-g, 7-b, 8-d

4.     In pairs, choose one proverb to explain, give a specific example from your own experience:

Ex.: The proverb describes unstable and changeable situations, also, it is occasionally applied to situations where it is hoped that things will improve after a bad start.

For instance, I haven’t chosen my future profession, one day I want to be a lawyer, another – a phycologist ……. (Rain at seven, fine at eleven).

5.     Ukraine has given the world many brilliant names in literature, science, art, etc. By UNESCO decisions the anniversaries of their births are celebrated worldwide.

Complete the table with their names: M. Grushevsky, Ilia Repin, M. Dragomanov, Taras Shevchenko, V. Vernadsky, Ivan Franko, D. Zabolotny, Ivan Kripyakevich, Lessya Ukralnka, M.  Sklifosovsky, Mikhailo Kotsyubinsky, Taras Shevchenko, Vasyl Kasiian, A. Bogomolets, Kateryna Bilokur

Historians	Scientists	Writers	Painters

Key:

Historians	Scientists	Writers	Painters
M.Grushevsky, M.Dragomanov Ivan Kripyakevich	V.Vernadsky D.Zabolotny A.Bogomolets M.Sklifosovsky	Taras Shevchenko Ivan Franko  Lessya Ukralnka Mikhailo Kotsyubinsky	Taras Shevchenko Vasyl Kasiian  Ilia Repin Kateryna Bilokur

6.     There are many outstanding writers in Ukraine whose pen-names are well-known, but people do not know their real names.

Look at these names and say who they are:

1.     Larisa Kosach-Kvitka 

2.     Panas Rudchenko

3.     Oleksandr Kandyba

4.     Pavlo Hubenko

5.     Mariya Vilinska

6.     Ivan Lozoviaha

Key: 1. Lesya Ukrainka, 2. Panas Myrmyj, 3. Oleksandr Oles’, 4. Ostap Vyshnia, 5. Marko Vovchok, 6. Ivan Bahrianyi

7.     Great contribution to the world literature was made by a great Ukrainian poet Taras Shevchenko. He is the founder of the modern Ukrainian literary language. Shevchenko is the favourite author of millions of Ukrainians, a real people's poet. His works are translated into many languages.

Find 5 names of Taras Shevchenko’ s works:

K Y U D F T E S T A M E N T I K I D

A H Y T R E D X C M I O L K W P R

T L G A I D A C A K U E I O P N I E                      

E L K Y B H J K U D O P L B S Y A

R O K R E W Q C S B H G Z O I E M

Y G T I A W E N AV N M L A G H U

N B S W Q T Y I S J C S F G R M N I

A T P L H G D S U E Y U O H J L O R

O L F T R E A N S F T I E M F G O P

K Y U D F T E S T A M E N T I K I D A H Y T R E D X C M I O L  K W P R T L G A I D A C A K U E I  O P N  E E L K Y B H J K U D O P L  B S Y  A R O K R E W Q  C S B H G  Z O I  M Y G T I A W E N AV N M L A G H U N B S W Q T Y I S J C S F G R M N I A T P L H G D S U E Y U O H J L O R O L F T R E A N S F T I E M F G O P

Key:

1.     Kateryna

2.     Testament

3.     Gaidamaku

4.     Caucasus

5.     Kobzar

6.     Dream      

8.     Kateryna Bilokur is one of the most prominent and outstanding Ukrainian folk artists.      Her beautiful pictures of the colorful Ukrainian nature are a significant landmark in the history of Ukrainian folk art. And she is especially famous for pictures of flowers.

Write down the names of the pictures: a) “Garden Flowers”, b) “Decorative Flowers”, c) “Flowers at night”, d) “Mallows And Roses”, e) “Field flowers”, f)“Flowers And Viburnum”

9.     If you were a writer and you were asked to choose a painter who would illustrate your book, who would it be? Prepare a short presentation for the rest of the class. Make sure you include the following:

1.     Some biography facts;

2.     Peculiarities of the painter’s style;

3.     Examples of the pictures you would like to have in your book;

4.     Reasons you have chosen this person.

Example: Eugenia Gapchinska