Black Friday refers to the day just after Thanksgiving in the US. Because so many companies have a four day weekend, many people begin their Christmas shopping on this day. (Thanksgiving always falls on a Thursday in the US, and then people have Friday, Saturday, and Sunday off from work.) Black Friday is often reported as one of the busiest shopping days of the year. Shopping malls are packed with people, parking lots are crowded, and lines at stores are very, very long. Some stores even open at five or six in the morning because there are so many people. Other stores have discounts and sales to draw even more customers.
The word "black" to describe the Friday likely began in Philadelphia in the mid-1960s. Traffic jams filled the roads into the downtown area every year. The stores and sidewalks were overflowing with shoppers. The experience for so many of the people who ventured downtown was stressful and chaotic. It was a terrible, or black, day. Because other cities around the country similarly experienced traffic jams, busy stores, and too many shoppers on the day after Thanksgiving, the term spread. Black Friday became a common idiom in American English.
Although many people may see the day after Thanksgiving negatively, retailers have a very different opinion. It's their best opportunity to improve earnings for the year, and take the business out of the red (loss) and into the black (profit). For example, if sales were slow in the spring, summer, and fall, then the store must attract many customers and make many sales between Thanksgiving and Christmas. The first and most important day of this last chance shopping season is Black Friday.
Of course, there are some people who dislike Black Friday. There are some people who hate the day and its crowds very much. But there are also some people who strongly oppose the shopping day because they believe it harms society. They think that people should consume less and reuse resources more, and so have created a day called "Buy Nothing Day." It falls on the same day as Black Friday, and it encourages people to buy nothing, of course.
“Just know, when
you truly want success, you’ll never give up on it. No matter how bad the
situation may get.” – Unknown
“Accept
responsibility for your life. Know that it is you who will get you where you
want to go, no one else.” – Les Brown
“I don’t regret the
things I’ve done, I regret the things I didn’t do when I had the chance.” – Unknown
“Challenges are
what make life interesting and overcoming them is what makes life meaningful.”
– Joshua J. Marine
“Its hard to wait
around for something you know might never happen; but its harder to give up
when you know its everything you want.” – Unknown
“One of the most
important keys to Success is having the discipline to do what you know you
should do, even when you dont feel like doing it.” – Unknown
“Good things come
to those who wait… greater things come to those who get off their ass and do
anything to make it happen.” – Unknown
“Happiness cannot
be traveled to, owned, earned, or worn. It is the spiritual experience of
living every minute with love, grace & gratitude.” – Denis
Waitley
“In order to
succeed, your desire for success should be greater than your fear of failure.”
– Bill Cosby
“Go where you are
celebrated – not tolerated. If they can’t see the real value of you, it’s time
for a new start.” – Unknown
Dont be afraid to
stand for what you believe in, even if that means standing alone.. – Andy
Biersack
“The best revenge
is massive success.” – Frank Sinatra
“Forget all the
reasons it won’t work and believe the one reason that it will.” – Unknown
“I am thankful for
all of those who said NO to me. Its because of them I’m doing it myself.” – Albert Einstein
“The only way to do
great work is to love what you do. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking.
Don’t settle.” – Steve Jobs
“Life is short,
live it. Love is rare, grab it. Anger is bad, dump it. Fear is awful, face it.
Memories are sweet, cherish it.” – Unknown
“When you say “It’s
hard”, it actually means “I’m not strong enough to fight for it”. Stop saying
its hard. Think positive!” – Unknown
“Life is like
photography. You need the negatives to develop.” – Unknown
“Don’t worry about
failures, worry about the chances you miss when you don’t even try.” – Jack
Canfield
“The pain you feel
today is the strength you feel tomorrow. For every challenge encountered there
is opportunity for growth.” – Unknown
“Build your own
dreams, or someone else will hire you to build theirs.” – Farrah Gray
“The only thing
that stands between you and your dream is the will to try and the belief that
it is actually possible.” – Joel Brown
“Self confidence is
the most attractive quality a person can have. how can anyone see how awesome
you are if you can’t see it yourself?” – Unknown
“We learn something
from everyone who passes through our lives.. Some lessons are painful, some are
painless.. but, all are priceless.” – Unknown
“Being happy
doesn’t mean that everything is perfect. it means that you’ve decided to look
beyond the imperfections.” – Unknown
“Nobody ever wrote
down a plan to be broke, fat, lazy, or stupid. Those things are what happen
when you don’t have a plan.” – Larry Winget
“Three things you
cannot recover in life: the WORD after it’s said, the MOMENT after it’s missed
and the TIME after it’s gone. Be Careful!” – Unknown
“Though no one can
go back and make a brand new start, anyone can start from now and make a brand
new ending.” – Carl Bard
• прізвище, ім’я, по-батькові вчителя англійської мови.
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Підведення підсумків відбудеться на початкугрудня 2016 року. За результатами підведення підсумків переможці конкурсу будуть запрошені до Чернігівського національного педагогічного університету імені Т. Г.Шевченка, а також нагороджені призами від кафедри педагогіки та методики викладання іноземних мов філологічного факультету Чернігівського національного педагогічного університету імені Т.Г.Шевченка.
Halloween history is one of mystery and intrigue, the story of Halloween’s past has been passed down through generations. Traditions and adaptations of ancient ceremonies and superstitions have evolved into the holiday we know and love today. We’ll explore the history of Halloween in various forms, and unlock the dark secrets of this ancient holiday.
Halloween is a holiday celebrated on the night of October 31. The word Halloween is a shortening of All Hallows’ Evening also known as Hallowe’en or All Hallows’ Eve.
Traditional activities include trick-or-treating, bonfires, costume parties, visiting “haunted houses” and carving jack-o-lanterns. Irish and Scottish immigrants carried versions of the tradition to North America in the nineteenth century. Other western countries embraced the holiday in the late twentieth century including Ireland, the United States, Canada, Puerto Rico and the United Kingdom as well as of Australia and New Zealand.
There are many colors and symbols that are associated with Halloween. Whilst black and orange are the traditional colors of Halloween, other colors are also now popular. Some of the more popular ones are:
Black = death, night, witches, black cats, bats, vampires
Orange = pumpkins, jack o'lanterns, Autumn, the turning leaves, fire
Purple = night, the supernatural, mysticism
Green = goblins, monsters, zombies, aliens, Frankenstein
White = ghosts, mummies, a full moon
Red = blood, fire, demons
Traditional Symbols of Halloween
The most traditional symbol of Halloween is the pumpkin which is usually carved out and lit with a candle and placed on the home's doorstep after dark. This carved pumpkin is sometimes called a Jack-o'-lantern. In Ireland and Scotland a turnip was normally carved instead of a pumpkin.
Common Halloween costumes include:
devils - evil creatures
Frankenstein - made of different body parts
ghosts - translucent spirit
ghouls - similar to zombies
mummies - wrapped in bandages
skeletons - only bones
vampires - have fangs and like to drink blood
werewolves - turn into a wolf with a full moon
witches - have black hats and clothes
wizards - have magic wands
zombies - the walking dead
Trick or Treat
Trick or treat is the term used for children being dressed in costumes and going from house to house asking for candy. The children usually knock on the neighbor's door and say:
"Trick or Treat. Trick or Treat. Give me something good to eat!"
Trick is the supposed threat that something bad (or mischievous) will happen to the person if they do not receive a treat (a candy, sweets or something similar). Of course kids normally don't do anything bad. Parents often walk around the streets with their kids to make sure nothing bad happens.
Common Halloween Superstitions
When it's time for Halloween celebration, it is then that the people tend to become more superstitious. There are many superstitions and myths about Halloween and most of the people have a strong belief in them:
- Going in for dumb supper, meaning that nobody will talk while having supper, encourages the spirits of the dead to come to the table.
- It is believed that if an unmarried girl keeps a rosemary herb and a silver sixpence (coin) under her pillow on Halloween night, it is quite likely that on that very night, she would dream of her future husband.
- It is said that if you hear someone's footsteps behind you on Halloween night, you should not look back because it may be a dead person following you. And if you commit the mistake of looking back, it is likely that you might join the dead very soon.
- People believe that if on the Halloween night, a girl carrying a lamp in her hand goes to a spring of water, she will see the reflection of her life partner in the water.
- People have a superstition that if an unmarried girl carries a broken egg in a glass and takes it to a spring of water, she will be able to catch the glimpse of not just her future husband, by mixing some spring water in the glass, but also she can see the reflection of her future kids.
- There is the old saying that "black cats are bad luck". It was once believed that black cats were the devil, or consumed by evil spirits.
- People used to believe that Satan was a nut-gatherer. Nuts were also used as magic charms on the day of Halloween festival.
- If you put your clothes on inside out as well as outside walk backwards on Halloween night. At midnight you will see a witch in the sky flying on a broomstick. People used to believe witches were the devil, or that they were consumed by evil.
- There is also an old saying "if the flame on your candle goes out on Halloween celebration"; it gives you the meaning that you are with a ghost.
- If you ring a bell on Halloween it will frighten evil spirits away.
- Many people used to consider that owls would dive down to eat the souls of the dying on Halloween. They used to think if you pulled your pockets out, and left them hanging, they'd be safe.
- It has been said if a bat flies into your house on Halloween, it is a sign that ghosts or spirits are very near, and maybe they are in your home and let the bat in.
- People used to believe that if bats are out early on Halloween, and they fly around playfully, then good weather is to come.
- If a bat flies around your house three times on Halloween, death is very soon to come.
- To ward off evil spirits on Halloween, you can bury all the animal bones in your front yard, or even put a picture of an animal very close to your doorway.
- People used to believe you could walk around your house three times backward before sunset on Halloween, and that would take care of all evil.
- It could be the spirit of a dead loved one watching you if you see a spider on Halloween.
Today, vegetarian diets have gained extreme popularity all over the globe. These are preferred by a number of people throughout the world, and has been claimed to be a key to healthy life. Also, some organizations working for animal rights are strictly against eating meat, fish, or poultry. A vegetarian diet typically consists of whole grains, vegetables, and fruits. They are, no doubt, good for health, but have you ever thought whether vegetarian meals were complete? Can they fulfill all the nutritional requirements of the body? Well, there are certain advantages and disadvantages of being vegetarian. What are they? Let's find out!
Advantages Vegetarian diet mainly includes grains, nuts, cereals, seeds, beans, vegetables, and fruits. Hence, it is rich in fiber, folate, and vitamin C. Vegetables and fruits provide vitamins and minerals, that are essential for a healthy body. Beans, tofu, and seeds are some good sources of proteins. Vegetables consist of phytochemicals, which prevent some chronic diseases. Green leafy vegetables are a rich source of antioxidants. Vegetables and fruits also provide natural sugars, beneficial enzymes, and trace elements.
It contains low amount of fats, cholesterol, and saturated fats. As a result, it minimizes the risk of weight gain. This, in turn, reducing the possibilities of developing the health problems caused by obesity. Vegetarian diet is also helpful for healthy weight loss. A vegetarian diet lowers the blood cholesterol levels and decreases the risk of various disorders such as high blood pressure, stroke, heart diseases, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, kidney diseases, gallstones, and cancer. Due to intake of high fiber diet, digestive health is improved. Vegetarianism protects you from certain meat related food-borne diseases such as bird flu, mad cow disease, intestinal parasites, etc.
Disadvantages Although vegetarian diet provides all the essential nutrients, there are certain factors that we can get in more amounts from meat or fish. Vegetarian diet is found to be low in proteins, calcium, vitamin B12, iron, and zinc. Vitamin B12 is found in soy products, fortified cereals, and animal products in abundant amount. Soymilk, milk, and other dairy products are the rich sources of vitamin D. Meat, chicken, fish, and poultry contain more quantities of iron and zinc. Milk, cheese, and yogurt are excellent sources of calcium. These nutrients are not found in large quantities in the vegetarian diet. Meat is a rich source of proteins and contains all the essential amino acids required by the body. Phosphorus present in the meat is easily absorbed than that present in legumes and cereals.
Vegetarian diet is not recommended for bodybuilders, as they require a protein-rich diet, for the purpose of increasing muscle mass. A diet lacking in sufficient carbohydrates and proteins can lead to anemia. Bowel irregularities can be commonly seen among the vegetarians. If your diet is totally free from fats, then it's not good, because certain amounts of cholesterol and fat is necessary for the development of the nervous system and for normal body functioning.
Although there are certain disadvantages of a vegetarian diet, it definitely offers a number of health benefits. If you properly plan your diet, you can overcome the problem of nutrient deficiencies, and improve your physical fitness and overall health. After all, healthy eating is the key to healthy living.
